ОЦЕНКА ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ ПОЧВЕННОГО ПОКРОВА ПРОМЗОНЫ, ЗАГРЯЗНЕННОГО ТЯЖЕЛЫМИ МЕТАЛЛАМИ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ КАРАГАНДИНСКОГО МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКОГО КОМБИНАТА)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54668/2789-6323-2025-117-2-38-48Ключевые слова:
загрязнение, тяжелые металлы, почвенный покров, черная и цветная металлургия , рентгенофлуоресцентная спектроскопия, атомно-адсорбционный метод, экосистемаАннотация
Загрязнение почвы в производственной зоне тяжёлыми металлами является сложной экологической проблемой. В исследовании были взяты образцы почвы с территории металлургического предприятия Центрального Казахстана Qarmet АО — крупнейшего металлургического завода Казахстана «Карагандинский металлургический завод», расположенного в городе Темиртау, Карагандинская область, и состав тяжёлых металлов был определён с помощью атомно-абсорбционного спектрофотометра (AAS) и рентгеновской флуоресцентной спектроскопии. В пробах почвы обнаружено 11 тяжелых металлов, а в растворенном состоянии обнаружены следующие тяжелые металлы: TiO2, MnO, Fe2O3. Известно, что концентрация тяжелых металлов Sr, Zn, Cr и Cu в пробах почвы значительно выше. По результатам исследований установлено, что концентрация тяжелых металлов возрастает в ряду Sr>Zn>Cr>Cu>V>Ni>Pb>As>Co>Cd>Hg. В результате сравнения трех проб №1, №2, №5 с наибольшим уровнем загрязнения наиболее высокая концентрация стронция в первой пробе составляет 287,1±0,05 мг/кг (р<0,05), наибольшая концентрация цинк во второй пробе составляет 132,2±0,05 мг/кг (р<0,05), высокая концентрация хрома в первой пробе 137,2±0,05 мг/кг (р<0,05), установлено, что наибольшая концентрация меди составила 87,6±0,05 мг/кг (р<0,05) в втором образце. По результатам анализа проб почвы установлено, что почва возле металлургического завода загрязнена стронцием, цинком, хромом и медью.
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