INVENTORY OF AIR POLLUTION SOURCES IN THE WESTERN KAZAKHSTAN REGION

Abstract

For effective management of atmospheric air quality, a complete inventory of pollution sources is necessary. The article examines the dynamics of pollutant emissions in 4 regions of the West Kazakhstan region for 2018...2022 from stationary and mobile sources, as well as from autonomous heat sources. A downward trend in emissions of pollutants from stationary sources is noted, with the exception of the Mangistau Oblast. An inventory of category I pollution sources causing the greatest harm to the environment was conducted by region. The largest enterprises, with more than 1001 sources, are located in the Atyrau and Mangistau Oblasts. The range of activities of the enterprises is focused mainly on the oil and gas production complex, and there are also agricultural production, construction and others. The highest density of enterprises is observed in Mangistau, and the lowest in West Kazakhstan Oblast. The dynamics of the main pollutants released into the atmosphere by enterprises are given: sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide and dioxide, methane, carbon (soot), hydrogen sulfide, saturated hydrocarbons C12...C19, toluene, benzene, xylene, formaldehyde. It is shown that the use of gas heating and autonomous heat sources has become a popular alternative to the use of coal in the region, the gasification level of which is 98,2 %. Mobile sources of pollutants are represented by cars, trucks and buses, the main types of fuel for which are gasoline, gas or diesel fuel. Passenger cars account for 78% of all vehicles. Carbon monoxide, non-methane volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides are among the most harmful pollutants emitted by road transport. To develop targeted measures to reduce pollution, it is advisable to use information on the structure and volume of emissions from each type of source.