БАЛАНС И КИНЕМАТИКА МАССЫ ЛЕДНИКА ЦЕНТРАЛЬНЫЙ ТУЙЫКСУ, СЕВЕРНЫЙ СКЛОН ИЛЕ АЛАТАУ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54668/2789-6323-2024-115-4-91-110Ключевые слова:
Северный Тянь-Шань, ледник Центральный Туйыксу, кинематика ледника, скорость движения льда, баланс массы ледникаАннотация
На основе прямых наблюдений на леднике Центральный Туйыксу, за период 2006…2023 гг. приведены расчеты компонентов внешнего и внутреннего массообмена и дано сравнение полученных значений за периоды 1958…1972 и 1977…1992. Для определения кинематических составляющих баланса массы использовались забуренные в лед рейки с геодезической привязкой на местности. За рассматриваемый период ледник отступил на 420 метров, баланс массы в среднем составил -0,54 м в.э. за весь период наблюдений, с 1958 г ледник отступил на 1190 м при среднем значении баланса массы за 1956…2023 гг. -0,42 м в.э. Годовой баланс массы в кинематической области питания (КОП) за период 2006…2023 составил +0,13 м, за этот же период вынос льда из этой области в кинематическую область абляции составил -1,24 м., при этом площадь КОП увеличилась на 17%, а кинематическая область абляции (КОА) сократилась на 46,3 %. Приток льда из КОП компенсировал потери в КОА в период 1977/78…1991/92 гг. только на половину (49,5 %), а в период с 2006/07 по 2022/23 уже на 75,9 %. Максимальные скорости движения льда на леднике Центральный Туйыксу 22…24 м/год наблюдались в период 1956…65 гг., уменьшились до 16 м/г в период 1977…1992 гг., а в период 2006…2023 гг. составляли 12,8 м/г.
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