SPATIOTEMPORAL STATE OF VEGETATION IN THE MAKAT DISTRICT: TECHNOGENIC INFRASTRUCTURE AND CLIMATIC BACKGROUND (2000–2024)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54668/2789-6323-2026-121-1-163-175Keywords:
NDVI, industrial (technogenic) pollution, climatic factors, vegetation, inter-annual dynamics, Makat DistrictAbstract
Objective — to quantitatively assess the spatio-temporal dynamics of vegetation under industrial pressure in Makat District. June NDVI was computed from satellite imagery (2000, 2010, 2015, 2021, 2024) and compared with Kazhydromet (RSE) records of June mean temperature and precipitation. The district-level mean NDVI was ~0.14 in 2000, declined to ≈0.10–0.09 during 2010–2021, and recovered to ≈0.21 in 2024. Spatial analysis revealed persistent low-NDVI patches around production sites, pipelines and associated infrastructure: these areas exhibit elevated shares of low (C1–C2) and medium classes, whereas the high-vegetation class (C5) contracted to minima in dry years (2010–2021) and, although it increased in 2024, remained comparatively low within the main industrial belts.
NDVI relates positively to June precipitation and negatively to higher temperatures, indicating water limitation as the primary driver in this arid setting; at the same time, industrial loads (dust-gas emissions, contamination by petroleum products and saline waters, soil salinization/structure degradation, flare combustion) intensify local weakening of vegetation. The results demonstrate consistently depressed NDVI in zones of technogenic influence irrespective of the climatic background and delineate vulnerable landscape units. Overall, the study highlights the combined effects of climate and industrial pressure and supports the use of a June-standardized NDVI as an applied tool for ecosystem-condition monitoring in the region.
References
Жамалова А.Ж. Мұнай-газ өнеркәсібінің қоршаған ортаға әсері // ҚР ҰҒА Хабарлары. Сер. геология және техникалық ғылым-дар. – 2018. – №6. – 45–52.
Сапаров А.С., Ерғалиев Ш. Экологиялық мониторингтің әдістері. – Алматы: Қазақ университеті, 2016. – 210 б.
Базарбаева С.Т. Батыс Қазақстандағы антропогендік ландшафттардың өзгеру ерекшеліктері // ҚазҰУ хабаршысы. География сериясы. – 2020. – №2(53). – 33–41.
Tucker C.J. Red and photographic infrared linear combinations for monitoring vegetation // Remote Sensing of Environment. – 1979. – 8(2). – 127–150.
Pettorelli N. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI): Unlikely to go out of fashion // International Journal of Remote Sensing. – 2013. – 34(9–10). – 3273–3294.
Dai A. Increasing drought under global warming in observations and models // Nature Climate Change. – 2013. – 3. – 52–58.
Li J. et al. Synergistic effects of climate variability and human activities on vegetation dynamics in arid Central Asia // Sci. Total Environ. – 2020. – 698. – 134203.
Джаналиева Г.М. Климаттық өзгерістердің аймақтық экожүйеге әсері // География және табиғатты пайдалану. – 2020. – №4. – 45–52.
Pettorelli N., Vik J.O., Mysterud A., Gaillard J.M., Tucker C.J., Stenseth N.C. Using the satellite-derived NDVI to assess ecological responses to environmental change // Trends Ecol. Evol. – 2005. – 20. – 503–510.
Қазгидромет. Атырау облысының климаттық ерекшеліктері жөніндегі көпжылдық деректер жинағы. – Атырау: РМК «Қазгид-ромет», 2023.
Құлманова Ж.Ж., Махамбетов М.М. Атырау облысының мұнай-газ өнеркәсібінің қалыптасу тарихы. – Атырау: КИМУ баспа-сы, 2018. – 145 б.
«Ембімұнайгаз» АҚ. Жылдық есептер (2010–2023). – Атырау, 2023.
Құрманғалиева А. Мұнай-газ құбырларының экожүйеге әсері // ҚазҰУ хабаршысы. География сериясы. – 2019. – №1. – 61–66.
USGS. EarthExplorer: Landsat/EO деректеріне қолжеткізу платформасы. United States Geological Survey, 2024.
Copernicus Programme / ESA. Copernicus Open Access Hub / Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem: Sentinel деректер мұрағаты. 2024.
ESA. Sen2Cor User Guide. European Space Agency, 2023.
USGS. Landsat Surface Reflectance Code (LaSRC) Product Guide. U.S. Geological Survey, 2023.
USGS. Landsat 8 (OLI/TIRS) Overview. U.S. Geological Survey, 2024.
Didan K. MODIS Vegetation Indices (MOD13) User Guide (Collection 6). NASA/University of Arizona, 2015.
Piao S., et al. Changes in vegetation activity and their driving factors in China // Global Change Biology. – 2015. – 21. – 1601–1609.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Сактагуль Кузбулова, Нургуль Рамазанова
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
