COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL SALINITY LEVELS NEAR SALT LAKES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF KAZAKHSTAN)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54668/2789-6323-2026-121-1-86-99Keywords:
saline soils, , electrical conductivity, anionic composition, Cl⁻:SO₄²⁻ ratio, sulfate-chloride salinity,, salt marshes, Keruencol,, Sor,, ShoshkalyAbstract
This study is intended for a comparative assessment of soil salinity levels near lakes Keruenkol, Sor and Shoshkaly located in the Abai and East Kazakhstan regions of Kazakhstan and their physico-chemical properties. During the study, soil reactions (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), concentrations of the main water⁻soluble cations and anions (Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻) were determined, and the type of soil salinity was classified based on the anionic composition. According to the results of the study, the soils on all three sites were characterized by an alkaline reaction (pH = 8.0–8.8). The values of electrical conductivity ranged from 7.5–13.2 dS/m, which indicated that the soils belonged to the categories of moderate and severe salinity. High concentrations of sodium, chloride, and sulfate ions were detected: Na⁺ – 1750–3600 mg/kg, Cl⁻ – 1300–2700 mg/kg, SO₄²⁻ – 600–1200 mg/kg. An analysis of the anionic composition of the soil using the classification method proposed by N.I. Bazilevich and E. I. Pankova showed that the ratio of Cl⁻:SO₄²⁻ is in the range of 2,17–2,47, which proves that all the studied areas belong to the sulfate–chloride type of salinity. The relatively low rate in the pig-breeding area indicates that it has a transitional character, close to the chloride type. The results obtained indicate that the studied territories are characterized by a high level of salinity, characteristic of natural salt marsh landscapes, an alkaline reaction and a predominance of toxic salts. These data are an important scientific basis for assessing Kazakhstan's saline lands, predicting soil degradation, and effectively managing land resources.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Асанәлі Қабдулмәжитұлы, Асель Мурзалимова, Жанар Рахымжан, Румия Тазитдинова, Айна Рысмагамбетова
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